The new rule has sparked significant controversy, with the catfish industry claiming that old Food and Drug Administration regulations of imported catfish were too lax and were putting American consumers at risk, while opponents claim the new law is nothing but a trade barrier disguised as a food safety measure that invites trade retaliation.
Even though the new regulation -- which makes catfish the first seafood to be put under the US Department of Agriculture, which is generally more stringent -- has passed and is slated to go into effect in March, there are still several ways the program can be repealed according to Gavin Gibbons of the NFI, and there are ongoing efforts to do so.
"This is not a dead end, it's not over...all of the things we have been fighting against still exist, as does the opposition on Capitol Hill," he said. "The coalition that opposes this program has no plans of letting up in its opposition."
Although Gibbons chose not to disclose specific steps the NFI was taking, he said there are several potential options available to overturn the new catfish rules, including international arbitration through the World Trade Organization (WTO), creating a new repeal bill or tacking the issue onto another bill that would be germane.
"Every option is still on the table, no one has shut down any potential option in terms of working to get rid of this program," he said. “It’s important to note that the coalition remains intact and remains opposed to this program, so the idea that this program is implemented and you just hit the reset button and suggest that this is going to be standard operating procedure from now on, is just inaccurate. People in Washington hate this program, they do not want to be associate with this program.”
Gibbons said that the possibility of retaliatory tariffs against American agriculture, if Vietnam did choose to go ahead with a case against the US through the WTO, has prompted support from advocates outside the seafood industry.
"You see people who have soybean interest, corn interest, beef interest who are involved in this, and not just watching this process but supporting efforts to repeal the program," he said. "This came from the farm bill, and US farmers would be ironically the ones that would pay the price via a WTO option, no one wants to see that."
According to Gibbons, senator Thad Cochran of Mississippi, the largest catfish-producing state, has played a powerful role in both passing and maintaining the program.
"Senator Cochran has an enormous amount of power and he uses it disproportionately to maintain this program because he thinks it helps his constituents back home. In opposition to that effort we have a coalition that, by Washington’s standards, is large and bipartisan.”
When the bill was being passed in 2008, Gibbons said, Cochran held the position of chair of Senate Agriculture and he was the one who put the inspection program into the farm bill. He is currently the chair of Senate Appropriation and remains involved in maintaining the program.
“There continues to be opposition in Washington but Cochran insist on protecting this program,” Gibbons said.
Catfish only the beginning
Gibbons also said there is a high possibility that this kind of regulation will not stop at catfish.
In a May 2014 letter from the ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) member countries to Ambassador Michael Froman, who leads the Office of the United States Trade Representative, the members said they "have even greater concern that this program will further expand to include other seafood items that [they] export to the United States".
The letter --signed by ambassadors from Brunei, Myanmar, Cambodia, the Philippines, Indonesia, Singapore, Laos, Thailand, Malaysia and Vietnam -- highlighted that the program has been opposed by President Barak Obama and "hundreds of Members of Congress".
The NFI has argued for years that the new regulation is "wasteful and duplicative". Since 2008, the government accountability office has also targeted the new program nine times.
(vasep.com.vn) Vietnam’s tuna exports reached USD 81 million in April 2026, down 6% compared to the same period in 2025. In the first four months of the year, export turnover totaled USD 289 million, down 4.8%. Although the overall export picture has yet to brighten significantly, market trends are becoming increasingly diversified rather than moving in a single direction.
(seafood.vasep.com.vn) Vietnam’s pangasius industry is undergoing strong restructuring starting from the broodstock and fingerling segment in order to improve productivity, quality, and export competitiveness. This is considered a critical foundation for the sustainable development of the industry amid rising production costs and increasingly stringent market requirements.
(seafood.vasep.com.vn) According to Vietnam Customs data, pangasius exports in April 2026 reached USD 206 million, up 18% compared to the same period in 2025 — marking another consecutive month of double-digit growth since the beginning of the year. Cumulative pangasius export turnover in the first four months of 2026 reached USD 720 million, up 17% year-on-year, reflecting the positive growth momentum of this key export product.
(seafood.vasep.com.vn) Vietnam’s shrimp exports in the first four months of 2026 maintained positive growth momentum, reaching approximately USD 1.5 billion, up 15% compared to the same period last year. However, behind this result lies diverging trends across markets, as the global shrimp industry continues to face pressure from inflation, high inventories, price competition, and increasing trade risks.
(seafood.vasep.com.vn) In Vinh Tuy commune (Kien Giang Province), many shrimp farmers are adopting bottom aeration systems and reporting clear economic benefits, helping increase income and reduce production risks.
(vasep.com.vn) In the first three months of 2026, Vietnam’s exports of crabs and other crustaceans reached more than USD 93 million, up 23% compared to the same period last year. The result shows that the sector is experiencing a fairly positive recovery, especially in its two key product groups: crabs and swimming crabs. However, behind the growth figures are several concerns: export markets remain highly concentrated, raw material supply is unstable, and trade barriers from the US and EU are becoming increasingly stringent.
(seafood.vasep.com.vn) In Ca Mau province, many farmers are transitioning from traditional methods to high-tech shrimp farming, adopting recirculating systems with minimal water exchange to improve efficiency and reduce risks. In Hung My commune alone, there are about 260 super-intensive shrimp farming households covering more than 265 hectares, playing a key role in local economic development.
(seafood.vasep.com.vn) In the first three months of 2026, Vietnam’s exports of fish cake and surimi reached USD 63 million, down 5% compared to the same period last year. Although total export value declined slightly due to decreases in some key markets, many other destinations continued to post strong growth, opening up room for this convenience-oriented processed segment in the coming quarters.
(seafood.vasep.com.vn) Favorable weather conditions in the early months of 2026 have brought encouraging signs for fisheries activities in Quang Tri. Output has grown steadily, contributing to improved livelihoods for local residents.
Entering 2026, Vietnam’s seafood industry is facing a period of both high expectations and mounting pressures. Following the positive recovery in 2025, production and export activities in Q1/2026 demonstrated the strong adaptability of Vietnam’s seafood business community amid continued global trade volatility, intensifying international competition, and increasingly stringent compliance requirements in import markets.
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